生物脫硫原理，簡單地說，就是在溫和的條件下利用各種適宜的微生物菌群將化合態或有機態的硫釋放出來的過程，主要利用的是特殊的微生物對含硫的環境汙染或者含硫礦石有獨特的消化能力，將原本存在於煤礦中的多種化合物的不同形態的硫轉化成為水溶性的化合物；類似的，煤炭的微生物脫硫生物法是利用微生物選擇性地氧化煤中的有機硫和無機硫，從而達到除去煤炭中硫的目的，其優點是微生物方法具有專一性和高效性，能夠選擇性地脫除煤炭中結構複雜、散布粒度很細的無機硫，同時又能脫除煤炭中的部分有機硫，而且煤炭脫硫的早期研究中所采用的物理和化學脫硫方法，步驟簡單，需要在高溫、高壓下，使用腐蝕性過濾劑等較為嚴格的條件下進行脫硫，而且其所采用的處理設備比較複雜，容易產生二次汙染；和傳統的物理化學法相比，生物脫硫技術具有可在常溫、常壓的條件下進行，生產成本低耗能少，專一性強，二次汙染小的優點。 

　　The principle of biological desulfurization, in simple terms, is the process of releasing sulfur in its chemical or organic form using various suitable microbial communities under mild conditions. It mainly utilizes the unique digestive ability of special microorganisms to deal with sulfur-containing environmental pollution or sulfur-containing ores, converting the different forms of sulfur originally present in coal mines into water-soluble compounds; Similarly, the microbial desulfurization biological method for coal utilizes microorganisms to selectively oxidize organic and inorganic sulfur in coal, thereby achieving the goal of removing sulfur from coal. Its advantages are that microbial methods have specificity and high efficiency, and can selectively remove structurally complex and finely dispersed inorganic sulfur in coal, while also removing some organic sulfur in coal. In addition, the physical and chemical desulfurization methods used in early research on coal desulfurization were simple in steps, requiring strict conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, and the use of corrosive filters for desulfurization. Moreover, the processing equipment used is complex and prone to secondary pollution; Compared with traditional physical and chemical methods, biological desulfurization technology has the advantages of being able to be carried out under normal temperature and pressure conditions, with low production costs, low energy consumption, strong specificity, and minimal secondary pollution. one

　　黃鐵礦硫的脫除機理

　　Mechanism of sulfur removal from pyrite

　　煤炭中的硫有60%~70%為黃鐵礦硫，30%~40%為有機硫，而硫酸鹽硫的含量極少而且容易洗脫除去，黃鐵礦的微生物脫除，是利用脫硫微生物的氧化分解作用來降解煤炭中的硫，一般認為微生物脫除黃鐵礦中硫的機理主要有兩個方麵：第一個方麵為黃鐵礦主要存在於潮濕並且氧氣充足的環境中，這是將黃鐵礦氧化為硫酸根和Fe，並放出熱量；第二個方麵為當煤炭環境中存在某些嗜酸硫杆時，黃鐵礦的氧化反應速率將大大提高。微生物氧化黃鐵礦的作用方式可以分為直接作用和間接作用兩種，微生物直接氧化機理為微生物能夠直接溶化煤炭中的黃鐵礦，即煤炭中裸露的原煤與空氣接觸時，經微生物的生化作用，發生氧化反應4FeS2+15O2+2H2O→4H++8SO42-+4Fe3+，在此過程中微生物細菌起催化劑作用，這些微生物細菌不斷將浸出液中的Fe氧化為Fe，微生物作用具有高效性，因此Fe與黃鐵礦能夠迅速反應，從而與物理、化學脫硫工藝相比，在相同的反應時間內能夠生成更多的Fe2+和Fe3+，FeS2+7Fe(SO4)3+8H2O=15FeSO4+8H2SO4；微生物間接氧化作用主要是指在微生物脫硫的過程中，微生物催化氧化黃鐵礦生成硫酸根和Fe3+，該Fe3+作為強氧化劑又與煤炭中的金屬硫化物發生反應，將黃鐵礦中的硫氧化為硫酸根或元素硫。理論上是將這兩種作用分開闡述，但是在實際微生物脫硫的過程中是同時存在的，兩種作用共同將煤炭中的黃鐵礦氧化溶解，將煤炭中的可燃硫轉變為不可燃硫，依據複合作用理論的觀點，微生物氧化黃鐵礦過程中，既有微生物的直接作用，又有通過Fe3+氧化的間接作用。

　　60%~70% of the sulfur in coal is pyrite sulfur, 30%~40% is organic sulfur, and the content of sulfate sulfur is very low and easy to wash away. Microbial removal of pyrite is achieved by utilizing the oxidative decomposition of desulfurization microorganisms to degrade sulfur in coal. It is generally believed that the mechanism of microbial removal of sulfur from pyrite mainly has two aspects: the first aspect is that pyrite mainly exists in humid and oxygen rich environments, which oxidizes pyrite into sulfate ions and Fe, and releases heat; The second aspect is that when certain acidophilic sulfur rods are present in the coal environment, the oxidation reaction rate of pyrite will be greatly increased. The mechanism of microbial oxidation of pyrite can be divided into two types: direct and indirect. The mechanism of microbial direct oxidation is that microorganisms can directly dissolve pyrite in coal, that is, when exposed raw coal in coal comes into contact with air, the biochemical reaction of microorganisms occurs, resulting in an oxidation reaction of 4FeS2+15O2+2H2O → 4H++8SO42-+4Fe3+. During this process, microbial bacteria act as catalysts, continuously oxidizing Fe in the leachate to Fe. Microbial action is efficient, so Fe and pyrite can react quickly, generating more Fe2+and Fe3+in the same reaction time compared to physical and chemical desulfurization processes. FeS2+7Fe (SO4) 3+8H2O=15FeSO3 4+8H2SO4; Microbial indirect oxidation mainly refers to the catalytic oxidation of pyrite by microorganisms during the process of microbial desulfurization, generating sulfate ions and Fe3+. This Fe3+acts as a strong oxidant and reacts with metal sulfides in coal, oxidizing sulfur in pyrite to sulfate ions or elemental sulfur. In theory, these two effects are explained separately, but in the actual process of microbial desulfurization, they coexist. The two effects jointly oxidize and dissolve pyrite in coal, converting combustible sulfur into non combustible sulfur. According to the theory of composite effects, in the process of microbial oxidation of pyrite, there are both direct effects of microorganisms and indirect effects through Fe3+oxidation.

　　微生物浸出脫硫法

　　Microbial leaching desulfurization method

　　該方法是利用微生物細菌對煤炭進行脫硫的一種處理手段，顧名思義采用的工藝過程為浸出法工藝過程，為了提高煤炭脫硫效率，對於煤炭脫硫菌進行浸出前的預處理也尤為重要，常用的預處理技術為微波技術，在礦業領域包括煤炭行業中，將生物磁技術與煤炭的生產加工相結合就形成了磁生物技術。磁生物技術主要研究磁場或磁化水等磁化作用對礦業微生物的生物效應。對脫硫細菌進行前處理，磁場可在很寬的範圍內對生物產生影響，在一定磁化培育條件下的煤係氧化亞鐵硫杆菌對煤樣浸出的最大脫硫率大，具有更好的脫除煤中黃鐵礦硫的效果。

　　This method is a treatment method that uses microbial bacteria to desulfurize coal. As the name suggests, the process used is the leaching process. In order to improve the efficiency of coal desulfurization, pre-treatment of coal desulfurization bacteria before leaching is particularly important. The commonly used pre-treatment technology is microwave technology. In the mining industry, including the coal industry, the combination of bio magnetic technology and coal production and processing forms magnetic biotechnology. Magnetic biotechnology mainly studies the biological effects of magnetic fields or magnetized water on mining microorganisms. Pre treatment of desulfurization bacteria can be affected by a magnetic field over a wide range of organisms. Under certain magnetization cultivation conditions, coal bearing iron oxidizing sulfur oxidizing bacteria have a higher maximum desulfurization rate for coal sample leaching and better removal of pyrite sulfur from coal.

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